Approved
by decree of the President
of the Russian Federation
№ 645 of October 26, 2020
Strategy for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and ensuring national security for the period up to 2035
I. General provisions
1. This strategy is a strategic planning document in in the field of ensuring national security of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - national security), designed to implement Bases of State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period up to 2035 (hereinafter - bases of the state policy in the Arctic) and determining measures to achieve the main tasks of development of the Arctic zone and ensuring national security, as well as the stages and expected results of the implementation of these measures.
2. The legal basis of this Strategy is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal law №172 of June 28, 2014 "On strategic planning in the Russian Federation", The national security Strategy of the Russian Federation, The Concept of foreign policy of the Russian Federation, The Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, Bases of the state policy of regional development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 2, 2014 № 296 "On land territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation", dated May 7, 2018 № 204 "On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024 "and dated July 21, 2020 № 474 "On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 ".
3. In this Strategy, the concepts of the Arctic and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the Arctic zone) are used in the same meanings as in the Bases of state policy in the Arctic.
4. The features of the Arctic zone that determine special approaches to its socio-economic development and national security in the Arctic are as follows:
a) extreme natural and climatic conditions, extremely low population density and the level of development of transport and social infrastructure;
b) high sensitivity of ecological systems to external influences, especially in places where indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Russian Federation live (hereinafter - small-numbered peoples);
c) climatic changes, contributing to the emergence of both new economic opportunities and risks for economic activity and the environment;
d) stable geographical, historical and economic connection with the Northern sea route;
e) he unevenness of industrial and economic development of certain territories of the Arctic zone, the focus of the economy on the extraction of natural resources, their export to the industrialized entities of the Russian Federation and export;
f) high resource intensity of economic activity and life support of the population, their dependence on supplies of fuel, food and other vital goods from various subjects of the Russian Federation;
g) growing conflict potential in the Arctic
II. Assessment of the state of development of the Arctic zone and the state of national security
5. The importance of the Arctic zone in the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation and ensuring its national security is due to the following:
a) the Arctic zone provides production of more than 80 percent of combustible natural gas and 17 percent of oil (including gas condensate) in the Russian Federation;
b) the implementation of major economic (investment) projects in the Arctic zone ensures the formation of demand for high-tech and science-intensive products, and also stimulates the production of such products in various constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
c) the continental shelf of the Russian Federation in the Arctic (hereinafter - the continental shelf), according to experts, contains more than 85.1 trillion. cub. meters of combustible natural gas, 17.3 billion tons of oil (including gas condensate) and is a strategic reserve for the development of the mineral resource base of the Russian Federation;
d) the importance of the Northern Sea Route as a transport corridor of global significance used for the transportation of national and international cargo will increase as a result of climate change;
e) the probability of occurrence as a result of anthropogenic impact and (or) climatic changes in the Arctic zone of events with adverse environmental consequences, creates global risks for the economic system, the environment and security of the Russian Federation and the world as a whole;
f) 19 small-numbered indigenous peoples live in the Arctic zone, there are objects of their historical and cultural heritage that have historical and cultural value of global significance;
g) objects of strategic deterrent forces are located in the Arctic zone in order to prevent aggression against the Russian Federation and its allies.
6. As a result of the implementation of the Strategy for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and ensuring national security for the period up to 2020:
a) life expectancy at birth in the Arctic zone increased from 70.65 years in 2014 to 72.39 years in 2018;
b) the migration outflow of the population from the Arctic zone in the period from 2014 to 2018 decreased by 53 percent;
c) the unemployment rate (according to the methodology of the International Labor Organization) decreased from 5.6 percent in 2017 to 4.6 percent in 2019;
d) the share of the gross regional product produced in the Arctic zone in the total gross regional product of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation increased from 5 percent in 2014 to 6.2 percent in 2018;
e) the share of funds from the budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation in the total volume of investments in fixed assets carried out in the Arctic zone increased from 5.5 percent in 2014 to 7.6 percent in 2019;
f) the volume of cargo transportation in the water area of the Northern Sea Route increased from 4 million tons in 2014 to 31.5 million tons in 2019;
g) the share of households with broadband access to the Internet information and telecommunications network (hereinafter - the Internet) in the total number of such households in the Arctic zone increased from 73.9 percent in 2016 to 81.3 percent in 2019 year;
h) the share of modern weapons, military and special equipment in the Arctic zone increased from 41 percent in 2014 to 59 percent in 2019.
7. The main dangers, challenges and threats that create risks for the development of the Arctic zone and ensuring national security remain:
a) Intense climate warming in the Arctic, occurring 2 - 2.5 times faster than the whole planet;
b) a decrease in natural population growth, migration outflow and, as a result, population decline;
c) lagging behind the values of indicators that characterize the quality of life in the Arctic zone from the national or average values for the subjects of the Russian Federation, including in terms of life expectancy at birth, mortality of people of working age, infant mortality, the share of public roads that meet regulatory requirements, the share of emergency housing stock, the volume of housing commissioning, the share of providing housing stock with all types of landscaping;
d) low level of availability of high-quality social services and comfortable housing in settlements located in remote areas, including in places of traditional residence and traditional economic activity of small-numbered peoples;
e) a high level of occupational risk due to exceeding the standards of working conditions, the complex impact of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors, unfavorable climatic conditions, an increased risk of the appearance and development of occupational diseases;
f) the absence of a system of state support for the delivery of fuel, foodstuffs and other vital goods to settlements located in remote areas, which makes it possible to sell them to the populationa and economic entities at affordable prices;
g) low level of development of transport infrastructure, including those intended for the functioning of small aircraft and the implementation of year-round air transportation at affordable prices, the high cost of creating such infrastructure facilities;
h) low competitiveness of business entities due to significant costs, including in connection with the need to provide guarantees and compensations to persons working in the Far North and equivalent areas;
i) the discrepancy between the system of secondary vocational and higher education in the Arctic zone, the needs of the economy and social sphere in qualified and highly qualified personnel;
j) the delay in the development of the infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route, the construction of icebreaker, rescue and auxiliary fleets from the deadlines for the implementation of economic projects in the Arctic zone;
k) the absence of an emergency evacuation system and the provision of medical assistance to crew members of sea-going ships in the water area of the Northern Sea Route;
l) low level of development of information and communication infrastructure and lack of competition in the telecommunications sector;
m) a high share of local electricity generation based on the use of economically ineffective and environmentally unsafe diesel fuel;
n) a decrease in the share of added value of high-tech and science-intensive sectors of the economy in the gross regional product of the Arctic zone, weak interaction of the research and development sector with the real sector of the economy, openness of the innovation cycle;
o) low level of investments in fixed assets carried out for the protection and rational use of natural resources;
p) the probability of highly toxic and radioactive substances, as well as pathogens of particularly dangerous infectious diseases, entering the Arctic zone from abroad;
q) inconsistency between the rate of development of the rescue infrastructure and the public safety system and the rate of growth of economic activity in the Arctic zone;
r) the growth of the conflict potential in the Arctic, which requires a constant increase in the combat capabilities of the groupings of troops (forces) of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies in the Arctic zone.
8.In 2019, the public administration system was reorganized to meet the challenges associated with the development of the Arctic zone and ensuring national security: a new composition was approved and the powers of the State Commission on the Development of the Arctic were expanded, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East and the Arctic was established, a decision was made on expanding the competence of the development institutions of the Far East to the Arctic zone.
III Objective of the implementation of present Strategy and measures aimed at achieving the main goals of the development of the Arctic zone and ensuring national security.
9. The objective of the implementation of present Strategy is to ensure national interests of the Russian Federation in the Arctic zone and to achieve the goals set out in the Principles of State Policy in the Arctic.
10. The focus areas and goals of the development of the Arctic zone and ensuring national security correspond to the main directions of the implementation of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic and the main goals of the development of the Arctic zone, listed in the Principles of State Policy in the Arctic.
11. The implementation of the main tasks of the social development of the Arctic zone is ensured through the fulfilment of the following measures:
a) Modernization of primary healthcare, including the upgrading of the material and technical base of healthcare organizations providing primary medical care to adults and children, separation of subdivisions, central district and district hospitals, in accordance with the procedures for the provision of medical care, equipping and re-equipment of these organizations, subdivisions and hospitals with the equipment necessary for the provision of medical care;
b) Equipping primary healthcare providers with vehicles and aircraft to transport patients to healthcare organizations, medical personnel to the patient’s place of residence and also to deliver medicines to settlements located in remote areas, including traditional habitats of indigenous peoples;
c) Improving public funding mechanisms of healthcare due to the low population density and remoteness of human settlements;
d) Priority should be given to access to the Internet by medical organizations, the possibility of providing medical services using telemedicine technologies and the development of mobile forms of medical assistance, including on the itineraries of indigenous peoples;
e) Ensuring adoption of standards for the provision of medical care to citizens living in the regions of the Far North on individual diseases, as well as for the establishment of medical organizations, their branches or subsidiaries operating in the regions of the Far North and equivalent localities, individual standards for the number of medical personnel and equipment, based on morbidity and medical evacuation statistics;
f) Organization of medical support for the navigation of vessels in the areas of the Northern Sea Route and the stationary of fixed and floating offshore platforms in the areas of the Arctic Ocean;
g) Development of high-tech medical care;
h) Development of measures to prevent diseases, including infectious diseases, and the implementation of a range of measures aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle among citizens, including their motivation for a healthy nutrition and a reduction in alcohol and tobacco consumption;
i) Ensuring social support for health-care workers in order to offset the shortage of human resources;
j) System development for convenient placement of social infrastructure, including healthcare organizations outside the primary healthcare level, educational organizations, organizations providing services in the field of culture, physical education and sports, in order to ensure the availability of relevant services for the population considering demographic and human resources projections, transport accessibility of settlements and the peculiarities of habitats of indigenous peoples, as well as the modernization of social infrastructure facilities;
k) Improving availability of high quality general education and providing conditions for organizing supplementary education for children, including in remote areas and rural settlements, and developing remote educational technologies;
l) Improving legal and regulatory framework in the field of education and creating conditions for the education of persons belonging to indigenous peoples;
m) Development of a network of professional educational organizations in conjunction with large and medium-sized enterprises, including the establishment of centers for advanced training and the equipping of workshops with modern technology in accordance with the «World Skills» standards;
n) Support for the development programs of federal universities and other higher education organizations and their integration with scientific organizations and enterprises;
o) Establishment of specific legislation for the Arctic region in the area of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population;
p) Elimination of negative effects on the environment of economic and other human activities, risks to public health caused by climate change, study and evaluation of the impact of such changes on the sources of occurrence and ways of spreading infectious and parasitic diseases that depend on them;
q) Ensuring the preservation and popularization of the cultural heritage, the development of traditional culture and the preservation and development of the languages of indigenous peoples;
r) Provision of state support measures aimed at stimulating the attendance of cultural organizations by children living in settlements located in remote areas (including in terms of fare payment for children), organizing and conducting tours of creative teams and outdoor exhibitions, ensuring the participation of local sports teams in interregional and all-Russian sports events, holding national festivals and creative projects in the Arctic zone, as well as major sports events;
s) Creating conditions for increasing the share of citizens engaged in physical education and sports, increasing the level of provision of the population with sports facilities, and increasing the capacity of such facilities at one time;
t) Improving the mechanisms for subsidizing mainline, interregional and local (intraregional) air transportation;
u) Formation of a modern urban environment in settlements through the improvement of public and courtyard spaces, in the light of the natural and climatic features of the Arctic and the introduction of advanced digital and engineering solutions;
v) State support for housing construction, including wooden housing construction, engineering construction and social infrastructure facilities in habitats of indigenous peoples, and in the settlements in which the public authorities and organizations perform functions in the field of ensuring national security and (or) the functions of a base for the development of mineral resource centers, the implementation of economic and (or) infrastructure projects in the Arctic are located;
w) Ensuring financing of expenses associated with the provision of housing subsidies to citizens leaving the Far North and equivalent areas;
x) Stimulating the participation of state corporations, state-owned companies and private investors in the creation and modernization of social, housing, communal and transport infrastructure, as well as in the development of infrastructure in habitats of indigenous peoples and their traditional economic activities;
y) Definition of the system of social guarantees provided to citizens of the Russian Federation who work and live in the Arctic zone;
z) Creation of a system of state support for the delivery of fuel, food and other essential goods to settlements located in remote areas.
12. The implementation of the main tasks in the field of economic development of the Arctic zone is ensured through the fulfilment of the following measures:
a) Introduction of a special economic regime in the Arctic zone to facilitate the transition to a closed-loop economy, private investment in geological prospecting, creation of new industrial plants and the modernization of existing ones, development of science-intensive and high tech industries, development of new oil and gas provinces, solid mineral deposits and hard-to-extract hydrocarbon reserves, increasing the volume of deep oil refining, production of liquefied natural gas and gas chemical products;
b) Provision of state support to investors for their capital investments in transport, energy and engineering infrastructure, including the infrastructure of gas supply, water supply, pipeline transport and communications systems, necessary for the implementation of new investment projects selected or defined in accordance with the procedures or criteria established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts;
c) Development and implementation of a program of state support for traditional economic activities of indigenous peoples;
d) Simplification of the procedure for granting land to citizens in order to carry out economic and other activities not prohibited by law;
e) Development of digital services for persons who are provided with forest and fish farming areas;
f) Development and implementation of an Arctic geological study program;
g) Continuation of work on the preparation of materials required to substantiate the outer boundary of the continental shelf;
h) Creation and development of a new model for the implementation of economic projects on the continental shelf, involving the expansion of the participation of private investors in such projects, while maintaining state control over their implementation;
i) Provision of state support measures aimed at the creation and development of technologies for the expansion of oil and gas fields (including technologies used on the continental shelf), production of liquefied natural gas, as well as ensuring the production of relevant industrial products;
j) Stimulating the use of Russian industrial products in the implementation of new economic projects;
k) Provision of state support for projects for the creation and (or) modernization of fish processing complexes, fish-breeding and greenhouse enterprises and livestock complexes;
l) Development and implementation of legal and organizational measures to prevent illegal extraction and sale of marine biological resources, as well as the promotion of the sale of legally extracted marine biological resources;
m) Development of a mechanism of state support for the intensification of reforestation, the development of forest infrastructure and deep processing of forest resources, the development of a system of aviation forest fire protection;
n) State support for the construction of Arctic ice-class cruise ships in the Russian Federation and the development of tourist infrastructure;
o) Bringing the system of basic professional educational programs and admission targets for admission at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets to educational organizations located in the Arctic zone in accordance with the projected need for qualified and highly qualified personnel;
p) Systematic provision of State support measures for the economically active population of the Russian Federation ready to move (resettle) to the Arctic zone in order to work.
13. The implementation of the main tasks in the field of infrastructure development in the Arctic zone is ensured through the fulfilment of the following measures:
a) Integrated development of the infrastructure of seaports and shipping routes in the Northern Sea Route, Barents Sea, White Sea and Pechora Sea;
b) Establishment of a maritime operations headquarters throughout the Northern Sea Route;
c) Consolidation of transport and logistics services provided in the area of the Northern Sea Route, based on a digital platform designed for paperless processing of multimodal transportation of passengers and goods;
d) Construction of at least five universal nuclear icebreakers of project 22220, three nuclear icebreakers of the «Leader» project, 16 rescue and tug-rescue vessels of various capacities, three hydrographic and two pilot vessels;
e) Development of the system of professional education and supplementary education based on the need to develop the Northern Sea Route;
f) Development and approval of a program for the construction of cargo ships used for merchant shipping, for the implementation of economic projects and for the construction of cargo-passenger vessels for transportation between sea and river ports in the Arctic zone;
g) Construction of hub ports and creation of a Russian container operator for international and coastal shipping in the area of the Northern Sea Route;
h) Expansion of navigation possibilities along the White Sea-Baltic Canal, basins of the rivers Onega, Northern Dvina, Mezen, Pechora, Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Kolyma and other rivers of the Arctic zone, including dredging, arrangement of ports and port points;
i) Expansion of the use of liquefied natural gas in maritime and river transport in the water area of the Northern Sea Route, as well as for power supply of settlements;
j) Improvement of a development scheme, construction (reconstruction) of airport complexes and checkpoints across the State border of the Russian Federation simultaneously with the development of the infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route and the implementation of economic projects;
k) Development and implementation of engineering and technical solutions to ensure the sustainable functioning of infrastructure in the context of climate change;
l) Construction and reconstruction of local highways, including in settlements located in remote areas;
m) Deployment of a highly elliptical space system providing high-time hydrometeorological data for the polar region of the Earth;
n) Creation and development of a high-elliptical satellite constellation, providing satellite communications for users in the Northern Sea Route and in territories north of 70 degrees north latitude, as well as the required quality and speed of operation of an automatic identification system and Earth remote sensing systems;
o) Establishment of transarctic submarine fiber-optic communication line with the output of local communication lines to the largest ports and settlements of the Arctic zone;
p) Ensuring the radiation security of seaports when calling and staying in them, surface ships and ships with nuclear power plants, nuclear service vessels and floating power units of nuclear thermal power plants;
q) Development and implementation of a mechanism for State support of projects to improve the efficiency of electricity generation in isolated and arduous areas involving the use of liquefied natural gas, renewable energy and local fuels;
r) Provision of traditional habitats of indigenous peoples and traditional economic activities with mobile sources of energy and communications.
14. The implementation of the main tasks in the field of science and technology in the interests of the development of the Arctic is ensured through the fulfilment of the following measures:
a) Prioritizing scientific and technological development and strengthening basic and fundamental scientific research in the interests of developing the Arctic;
b) Development and emplacement of essential technologies to Arctic development, including the provision of new functional and structural materials required for carrying out economic activities in the Arctic, development of land-based vehicles and aircraft technology for working in the natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic, development of technologies for preserving health and extending the life expectancy of the population of the Arctic zone;
c) Conducting comprehensive expeditionary research in the Arctic Ocean (including bathymetric, gravimetric and acoustic profiling), performing hydrographic research to ensure the safety of navigation, as well as long-term hydrographic research, including deep-sea research, in order to study the underwater environment;
d) Development of an integrated plan for international scientific research (including expeditionary ones) of the state of the Arctic ecosystems, global climate changes and the study of the Arctic;
e) Development of the research fleet of the Russian Federation, including the construction of a drifting ice-resistant self-propelled platform and research vessels to study the Arctic;
f) Establishment of scientific and educational centers for the priority areas of basic and applied scientific research carried out in the interests of developing the Arctic;
g) Monitoring, evaluating and forecasting the development of science and technology in the Arctic zone.
15. The implementation of the main tasks in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety is ensured through the fulfilment of the following measures:
a) Creation of specially protected natural areas and the enforcement of their special protection, including entering information about them into the Unified State Register of Real Estate;
b) Adaptation of the economy and infrastructure of the Arctic zone to climate change;
c) Identification, assessment and accounting of objects of accumulated environmental damage and organization of work to eliminate accumulated environmental damage;
d) Development of a unified system of State environmental monitoring using modern information and communication technologies and communication systems;
e) Implementation of the work in the field of hydrometeorology, including the improvement of the density of the observation network and the technical capacity of the environmental monitoring systems, based on the recommendations of the World Meteorological Organization;
f) Minimization of air emissions and water pollution during economic and other activities in the Arctic zone, as well as the establishment of State support measures, aimed at introducing the best available technologies in the implementation of economic and other activities in the Arctic zone;
g) Prevention of negative environmental effects of the exploitation of natural resources;
h) Development of a unified State system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations in order to implement measures for the elimination of oil and petroleum products spills, including in the waters of the Northern Sea Route and other maritime transport routes;
i) Preventing highly toxic and radioactive substances and dangerous microorganisms from entering the Arctic from abroad;
j) Conducting regular assessment of the environmental and socio-economic consequences of anthropogenic impact on the environment of the Arctic zone, including those caused by the transfer of pollutants from North America, Europe and Asia;
k) Conducting regular assessments of the impact of nuclear facilities located in the Arctic zone on the environment and population;
l) Ensuring the rational use of associated petroleum gas to minimize its combustion;
m) State support for waste management activities in the Arctic zone and improvement of the hazardous waste management system in the Arctic;
n) Establishment of a system for providing information on the occurrence or increase of risks of harmful effects of the most dangerous pollutants and microorganisms due to emergencies caused by climate change to public authorities and the population.
16. The implementation of the main tasks in the development of international cooperation is ensured through the fulfilment of the following measures:
a) Accomplishment of multifaceted foreign policy activities aimed at preserving the Arctic as an area of peace, stability and mutually beneficial cooperation;
b) Ensuring mutually beneficial bilateral and multilateral cooperation between the Russian Federation and foreign countries, including on the basis of international treaties, agreements and conventions to which it is a party;
c) Establishment of international law on the outer border of the continental shelf and the maintenance of cooperation with the Arctic States in order to protect national interests and realize the rights of the coastal State in the Arctic as provided in international acts, including the exploration and development of the continental shelf resources and the establishment of its outer borders;
d) Ensuring Russian presence on the archipelago of Svalbard on the basis of equal and mutually beneficial cooperation with Norway and other States parties to the Svalbard Treaty of 9 February 1920;
e) Assistance in strengthening the efforts of the Arctic States to establish a unified regional system of search and rescue, to prevent technological disasters and eliminate their consequences, and to coordinate the activities of rescue forces, ensure interaction of the Arctic states within the framework of the Arctic Coast Guard Forum;
f) Development and implementation of programs of economic and humanitarian cooperation between the subjects of the Russian Federation whose territories belong to the land territories of the Arctic zone and the regions of the Arctic States;
g) Active participation of Russian State and public organizations in the work of the Arctic Council and other international forums dealing with Arctic issues;
h) Ensuring the effective work of the Arctic Council under the chairmanship of the Russian Federation in 2021-2023, including the promotion of joint projects, in particular those aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of the Arctic and preserving the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples;
i) Promoting the strengthening ties between indigenous peoples living in the Arctic zone and indigenous peoples living in the Arctic territories of foreign States, and holding relevant international forums;
j) Promoting the all-round development of the younger generation of indigenous peoples through educational, humanitarian and cultural exchanges with the youth of other Arctic States;
k) Development of general principles for the implementation of investment projects in the Arctic zone with the participation of foreign capital;
l) Organization of events aimed at attracting foreign investors to participate in the implementation of economic (investment) projects in the Arctic zone;
m) Promoting the importance of the Arctic Economic Council as a central forum for the sustainable development of the Arctic;
n) Development and implementation by Russian organizations with foreign partners of basic and supplementary education programs related to the development and exploration of the Arctic;
o) Ensuring the implementation of the Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation;
p) Creation and promotion on the Internet of a multilingual information resource dedicated to the development of the Arctic zone and Russian activities in the Arctic.
17. The implementation of the main tasks of protecting the population and territories of the Arctic from natural and technological emergencies is ensured through the fulfilment of the following measures:
a) Identification and analysis of the risks of natural and technological disasters and development of ways to prevent such situations;
b) Development of technologies, technical means and equipment for emergency rescue and fire suppression, modernization of aircraft fleet, development of aviation infrastructure and aviation rescue technologies in order to ensure the protection of the population and territories, reduce the response time to emergency situations, taking into account the objectives to be achieved and the natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic;
c) Improvement of methods for the protection of the population and territories, methods for fire suppression, including using aviation, and the procedure for temporary placement in Arctic conditions of the population and professional contingent in response to the elimination of natural and technological emergencies;
d) Improvement of security of critical and potentially hazardous facilities and ensuring their functioning in emergency situations in Arctic conditions;
e) Improvement of legal and regulatory framework in the field of protection of the population, territories, critical and potentially dangerous facilities from natural and technological emergencies, and in the field of fire safety, considering the specifics of facilities, planned for construction in the Arctic zone;
f) Development of systems for situation monitoring and forecasting of emergencies in the Arctic zone, including on the basis of processing data from remote sensing of the Earth from space;
g) Development of an anti-crisis management system within the framework of a unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations;
h) Development (considering the tasks to be accomplished and the natural and climatic conditions) of Arctic complex rescue centers, including the expansion of their technical and tactical capabilities related to the prevention and response to emergency situations, improvement of their structure, composition and technical support, and expansion of their base infrastructure;
i) Organization of exercises and trainings to test the readiness of the Arctic State’s forces and means to deal with natural and technological emergencies, including those arising from the implementation of major economic and infrastructure projects, as well as participation in such exercises and trainings;
j) Establishment of the requirements for emergency equipment and means of assistance, preserving life and health in the event of radiation accidents and incidents in the Arctic;
k) Ensuring the evacuation (resettlement) of citizens from settlements due to the consequences of natural and technological emergencies.
18. The implementation of the main tasks in the area of public security in the Arctic is ensured through the fulfilment of the following measures:
a) Improvement of the structure and staffing of the internal affairs agencies of the Russian Federation and the National Guard Troops Service of the Russian Federation;
b) Equipping the units of the internal affairs agencies of the Russian Federation and the National Guard Troops Service of the Russian Federation stationed in the Arctic zone with modern weapons and ammunition, special and other logistical equipment and means, adapted to Arctic conditions;
c) Prevention of extremist and terrorist activities;
d) Increasing the efficiency of measures to prevent neglect, provide social assistance to minors with various forms and level of maladjustment and rehabilitate them;
e) Creation of conditions for the organization of Voluntary People’s Guard and other law enforcement associations, the movement against drugs and public associations and organizations against drugs, formation of regional segments of a system for the comprehensive rehabilitation and resocialization of drug and psychotropic substances addicts;
f) Prevention of crimes in the fuel and energy industry, housing and public utility sector, as well as crimes committed using information and communication technologies;
g) Implementation, development and maintenance of the systems of the law enforcement system of the «Safe City» hardware and software complex;
h) Expansion (establishment) of a network of rehabilitation and adaptation centers in order to provide comprehensive social assistance to persons released from prison.
19. The implementation of the main tasks of guarantying military security and protecting and safeguarding the State border of the Russian Federation in the Arctic is ensured through the fulfilment of the following measures:
a) Improving the composition and structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops, military formations and public authorities in the Arctic;
b) Ensuring a favorable operational regime in the Arctic Zone, including maintaining the level of combat readiness of groups of troops (forces) of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and public authorities in accordance with the current and forecasted nature of the military dangers and threats to the Russian Federation in the Arctic;
c) Equipping the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and public authorities stationed in the Arctic with modern weapons, military and special equipment adapted to Arctic conditions;
d) Development of the base infrastructure, implementation of measures to provide operational equipment of territories, improvement of the system of material and technical support of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and public authorities in order to o ensure the fulfilment of tasks in the Arctic;
e) The use of dual-use technologies and infrastructure for the integrated management of defense tasks in the Arctic.
IV. The main areas of the present Strategy implementation in certain Federal subjects of the Russian Federation and municipal entities
20. The main areas of the present Strategy implementation in the Murmansk Region are:
a) complex development of the Commercial Seaport Murmansk – the only warm-water Russian seaport in the Arctic, development of the Murmansk transport nodal point as a multimodal transport hub, construction in the area of this seaport new terminals and transshipment complexes;
b) complex development of closed administrative-territorial entities and residential areas, where military units are dislocated, as well as development of infrastructure and modernization of dual capability objects;
c) creation and development of the marine service complex of enterprises, which provide repair process, issuing and bunkering ships, development of coastal bases in matters of provision of services on a competitive basis to companies, which provide maritime traffic in the aquatic area of the Northern Sea Route and which realize projects in the Arctic zone;
d) creation and development of large tonnage marine facilities construction, which are intended for production, storage and shipment of liquified natural gas, the creation and development of entities, which provide repair process and servicing of marine technology and equipment applied for exploitation of crude hydrocarbons marine fields;
e) geological survey of raw-materials base of the Kola Peninsula, formation of new and development of active raw-materials centers, which majors in minerals production and processing;
f) development of energy infrastructure, as well as replacement of equipment intended for oil-fired heat generation by equipment, which apply other types of energy resources;
g) modernization of airport systems, including the International airport of the city Murmansk;
h) development of exhibition and convention and business infrastructure of the city Murmansk in matters of the Russian Federation competitive advantages realization in the sphere of international cooperation and business tourism in the Arctic;
j) development of fisheries industry (with the consideration of preservation and development necessity of fisheries potential resources), technical re-equipping of entities, including shipbuilding, commissioning of new facilities of aquatic biological resources deep conversion on the current technological and institutional basis, as also development of aquaculture;
k) development of tourism and recreation clusters, as well as within the confines of the town Kirovsk, the village Teriberka, of the Kovdorskoe, Pechenegskoe and Terskoe municipal districts.
21. The main areas of the present Strategy implementation in the Nenets Autonomous Area are:
a) development of construction project of the deep-sea port Indiga and the railway line Sosnogorsk - Indiga;
b) development of the transportation infrastructure, including reconstruction of the seaport Naryan-Mar, airport of the city Naryan-Mar and airport of the township Amderma, execution of bottom dredging across the river Pechora, the construction of the auto-road Naryan-Mar - Usinsk;
c) development of Varandeiskii, Kolguevskii, Haryago-Usinskii and Hasyreiskii oil raw-materials centers;
d) formation gas-condensate raw-materials centers based on oil and gas deposits of Nenets Autonomous Area, including exploitation of Korovinskoe and Kumzhinskoe gas-condensate deposits, Vaneivisskoe and Lyavozhskoe oil-condensate deposits;
e) geological survey and development of mineral raw material base of solid commercial minerals in matters of Nenets Autonomous Area economy diversification;
f) construction of agro-industrial park and export-based projects realization, which provide for deep processing of venison;
g) development of tourism cluster, as well as infrastructure of cultural-religious and ethnical tourism.
22. The main areas of the present Strategy implementation in the Chukotka Autonomous Area are:
a) development of the seaport Pevek and its terminals;
b) creation of a transport and logistics hub in the deep-water all-year seaport Provideniya;
c) modernization of Chaun-Bilibinskii energy hub;
d) development of transportation infrastructure, including the construction of the trans-regional auto-road Kolyma – Omsukchan – Omolon – Anadyr;
e) accession of the Nenets Autonomous Area to the National Telecommunications Network of the Russian Federation by the underwater fiber-optic link of communication Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii – Anadyr creation;
f) development of Baimskii and Pyrkakaisko-Maiskii raw-materials centers of precious and nonferrous metals;
g) development of Beringovskii coal raw-materials center, the construction of an all-year terminal in the deep-water lagoon Arinaii;
h) creation of the emergency and rescue response unit and the crisis management Arctic center in the town of Pevek;
j) development of cruise Arctic tourism and formation of ethnic-ecological tourism clusters within the confines of the town Anadyr, the town Pevek and the village Provideniya.
23. The main areas of the present Strategy implementation in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area are:
a) development of the seaport Sabetta with shipment terminals and the marine shipping canal in the Gulf of Ob;
b) construction and development of the railway lines Obskaya – Salekhard – Nadym – Pangody – Novii Urengoy – Korotchaevo and Obskaya – Bovanenkovo – Sabetta;
c) expansion of liquified natural gas production on the Yamal and Gydan Peninsulas;
d) development of the Gulf of Ob gas deposits with the development of gas transportation pipeline system;
e) development of the Novoportovskii oil and gas condensate and Bovanenkovskii gas condensate raw-minerals centers, development of the Tambeiskaya field group and preparing for offshore field development;
f) development of oil- and gas chemical production in the region of the village Sabetta, the village Yamburg, the town of Novii Urengoy and formation of multidisciplinary industrial-technological complex of gas refining and petroleum chemistry;
g) keeping in a good working order and development of gas-supplying and oil-supplying networks, development of connected to pipelines gas and oil raw-materials centers the Nadym-Purskaya and Pur-Tazovskaya oil-and-gas bearing regions, as well as with applying new technologies of production and development of underlying geological formations, and also unconventional oil deposits;
h) development of technologies of involvement to industrial turnover of low-pressure natural gas, including gas compression technology;
j) band enhancement of centralized electricity supply by connection residential areas to the Unified Energy System;
k) development of oil and gas service by creation of industrial areas in the main residential areas;
l) organization of construction materials production in matters of fuel-energy complex requirements meeting and housing construction;
m) creation of the emergency and rescue response unit and the crisis management Arctic center in the village Sabetta;
n) formation of the tourism cluster on the basis of agglomeration, which includes the town of Salekhard, the town of Labytnangi and the village Harp.
24. The main areas of the present Strategy implementation in certain municipal entities of the Republic of Karelia are:
a) modernization of the Belomorsko-Baltiiskii canal;
b) development of construction materials industry on the basis of building stone deposits, as well as in matters of supporting construction works providing in neighboring subjects of the Russian Federation;
c) creation and development of raw-materials centers of the East-Karelian cupreous-gold-molybdenous-orezone;
d) formation and development enterprises cluster of high conversion of wood;
e) development of fisheries cluster, including aquaculture enterprises;
f) development of culture-historical and ecological tourism;
g) creation of midget power plant cascade on condition of potential electrical power demand confirmation and its economical effectiveness;
h) creation of data processing and storage center network on the basis of domestic high-speed ultradense solutions.
25. The main areas of the present Strategy implementation in certain municipal entities of the Komi Republic are:
a) economy diversification and complex socio-economic development of multidisciplinary municipal entities – urban districts Vorkuta and Inta;
b) development of coal raw-minerals centers on the base of the Pechora coal basin, creation on its basis deep conversion complexes of coal feedstock, coal chemistry;
c) formation and development of oil raw-mineral centers on the base of the Timano-Pechorskaya petroleum province, as well as creation capacity of oil and gas processing;
d) geological survey of certain areas and development of solid minerals mineral resources base;
e) creation and development of a vertically integrated mining and smelting enterprise intended for titanic ore and quartz (glass) sand processing of the Pizhemskoe deposit;
f) formation and development of the Parnokskoe ferromanganesian raw-mineral center;
g) development of railway infrastructure for providing communication with building and planned to construction railway lines, including construction of the railway line Sosnogorsk – Indiga, reconstruction of the area Konosha – Kotlas – Chum – Labytnangi, rationale for reconstruction of the area Mikun – Vendinga and construction of the area Vendinga – Karpogory;
h) development of transportation infrastructure, including construction and reconstruction of areas of the auto-road Syktyvkar – Ukhta – Pechora – Usinsk – Naryan-Mar, and also execution of dredging works across the river Pechora, which provides on the non-competitive base transport accessibility of certain areas;
j) reconstruction and modernization of the airport system, including the joint airport of the town Vorkuta;
k) development of cultural-ethnographic and culture-historical tourism cluster, and also formation active natural tourism cluster.
26. The main areas of the present Strategy implementation in certain municipal entities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are:
a) dredging rivers Anabar, Lena, Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma;
b) complex development of the Anabarskii and Lenskii basin areas, providing for raw-mineral centers development, as well as the biggest in the world Tomtorskoe deposit of rare metals, alluvial diamond deposits within the confines of the Anabarskoe, Bulunskoe, Olenekskoe areas, the Verkhne-Munskoe diamond deposit, the Taimylyrskoe coal deposit, the West-Anabarskii oil raw-materials center;
c) complex development of the village Tiksi, including development of dual capability infrastructure, as well as the reconstruction of the seaport Tiksi and its terminals;
d) complex development of areas located in the river Yana basin, which prescribes construction of energy and transportation infrastructure objects, development of solid minerals raw-material base of the Yanskii basin, as well as the gold-ore deposit Kyuchus, the silver deposit Prognoz, the Deputative stannum-ore deposit and the stannum deposit Tirekhtyakh;
e) complex development of areas located in the river Indigirka basin, ensuring its energy security and economy diversification by development of the Krasnorechenskoe coal deposit, organization of construction materials production on the basis of basalt and building stone deposits;
f) complex development of areas located in the river Kolyma basin, which prescribes the river port Zelyony Mys modernization and the coal raw-materials center Zyryanskii modernization;
g) creation of modern infrastructure objects of storage and exploration of paleontological findings for the project «World Center of Mammoth» realization, and also development of scientific, cultural-ethnographical and expeditionary tourism cluster;
h) creation of commercial-logistic center network for providing delivering to residential areas located in remote localities fuels, provisions and other vital goods;
j) creation of the emergency and rescue response unit and the crisis management Arctic center in the village Tiksi.
27. The main areas of the present Strategy implementation in certain municipal entities of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are:
a) complex socio-economic development of the multidisciplinary municipal entity – the urban district of Norilsk;
b) development of the Norilskii industrial area majoring in production and treatment (processing) of nonferrous materials and platinum group metals, as well as implementation of technologies, which provide emission reduction by enterprises located in this area;
c) construction of new production capacities of the minery «Zapolyarnaya» and its modernization;
d) creation and development on the base of West Taimyr deposits a raw-materials center, which is intended for export of produced products cross the aquatic area of the Northern Sea Route;
e) creation of the West-Taimyrskii coal-industry cluster intended for export of produced products cross the aquatic area of the Northern Sea Route;
f) creation of a raw-materials center on the base of Poligaiskoe deposit of industrial quality diamonds;
g) exploration of the Taimyro-Severozemelskaya gold-bearing province resources;
h) development of the sea ports Dikson (including construction of new coal terminals and an oil terminal) and the Dudinka;
j) reconstruction and modernization of airport system, including the airport of the village Hatanga;
k) creation in the town of Norilsk the Research and Development Center of construction technology and status monitoring of buildings and structures on the Northern and Arctic areas;
l) creation of the emergency and rescue response unit and the crisis management Arctic center in the village Dikson;
m) development of tourism and recreation cluster on the Taimyrskii Dolgano-Nenets municipal area, the town of Norilsk and the town of Dudinki.
28. The main areas of the present Strategy implementation in certain municipal entities of the Arkhangelsk Region are:
a) improving competitiveness of the sea port Arkhangelsk, including modernization of current marine terminals, dredging, creation of a new deep-water area, industrial-logistic complexes and connection infrastructure, implementation of coordination and digital control of a transportation hub systems;
b) development of transportation infrastructure (railway lines, water ways and auto-roads), which provides connection between the sea port Arkhangelsk with the areas of Northwestern Russia, Ural and Siberia, including rationale for construction of the railway lines areas Karpogory – Vendinga and Mikun – Solikamsk;
c) development of the International airport of the city of Arkhangelsk;
d) development of wood-processing industry and pulp and paper industry, as well as formation of modern wood-processing complex of complete cycle, and also implementation of biofuels production from forest product residues;
e) development of ship-building and ship-repairing industry, as well as formation on its base additional capacities in matters of providing structures construction and production of equipment for oil and gas production on the continental shelf;
f) development of the zinc-lead raw-materials center on the archipelago Novaya Zemlya;
g) development of diamond raw-materials centers;
h) creation and development of the Federal Center of Arctic Medicine;
j) development of fisheries cluster, as well as construction, modernization and repair process of the fishing fleet, creation of enterprises for fish and other products manufacturing from marine biological resources, development of biotechnology and aquaculture;
l) development of culture-related, ethnographical and ecological tourism cluster on the Arctic areas and marine cruise tourism on the Solovetsky Islands.
V. Phases and expected outcomes of this Strategy
29. This Strategy is being implemented in three phases.
30. The first phase of this Strategy (2020-2024) provides for:
a) the establishment of mechanisms for the accelerated economic and social development of the Arctic territories, including the establishment of a legal and regulatory framework for the operation of the special economic regime of the Arctic zone;
b) upgrading primary health-care facilities, equipping primary health-care organizations with road and air transport, including medical evacuation of crew members in the Northern Sea Route;
c) improving the system of social guarantees for citizens of the Russian Federation living and working in the Arctic;
d) approval of a programme of State support for the traditional economic activities of small-numbered peoples;
e) alignment of the system of vocational education and supplementary education with the projected needs of employers in the economic and social sphere of the Arctic, including the provision of modern technology and materials to educational organizations;
e) implementation of pilot projects for integrated human settlements development, in which bodies and organizations that have national security functions are located and (or) serve as a basis for the development of mineral resource centres, the realization of economic and (or) infrastructure projects in the Arctic and projects to improve the delivery of fuel, food and other essential goods to remote locations;
g) introduction of a local transport subsidy mechanism in the Arctic;
h) ensuring the application of the new model for economic projects on the continental shelf;
i) acceleration of the development of the western part of the Northern Sea Route, the construction of four universal nuclear icebreakers of project 22220, 16 rescue and tugboat vessels of various capacities, three hydrographic vessels and two pilot vessels;
k) the initiation of measures to replace inefficient diesel generation with liquefied natural gas, renewable energy and local fuel generation in isolated and inaccessible areas;
l) making "Internet" services available to households in settlements with a population of 100 to 500;
m) establishment of a satellite constellation in high-elliptical orbits to provide stable uninterrupted satellite communications in the Arctic;
n) establishment of a world-class scientific and educational centre for research and studies for Arctic development;
o) development of technologies to conserve the health and increase the life expectancy of the population of the Arctic;
p) design and construction of research vessels and commissioning of a drifting ice-resistant self-directed platform for integrated scientific research in the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean;
q) establishment of a monitoring and prevention state system to adverse effects of the degradation of permafrost;
r) intensification of international economic, scientific and humanitarian cooperation for the development of the Arctic zone;
s) updating the system of baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the Russian Federation and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation in the Arctic is measured.
31. The second phase of this Strategy (2025-2030) provides for:
a) improving the competitiveness of Arctic economic sectors, taking into account the special economic regime, the needs of investors and the conditions under which economic activities are carried out in the Arctic;
b) ensuring access to the services of the educational and cultural, physical education and sport organizations network for the population of the Arctic zone, including persons belonging to small minorities;
c) completion of the establishment of a competitive system of vocational education organizations, centres for advanced vocational training and higher education organizations;
d) full implementation of the Integrated Human Settlements Development Programme, in which the organs and organizations responsible for ensuring national security and (or) serving as the basis for the development of mineral resource centres, the realization of economic and (or) Infrastructure projects in the Arctic are located;
d) Provision of year-round navigation throughout the Northern Sea Route, construction of one additional universal atomic icebreaker of project 22220 and two ice breakers of project "Leader", starting the construction of ports-Hubs for the trans-shipment of international container cargo;
e) launching of a programme for the development of navigation in the basins of the Arctic;
g) implementation of a programme to develop the tourist infrastructure of the Arctic;
h) establishment of a Trans-Arctic Submarine Fibre Optic Line;
i) the establishment of a highly elliptical space system providing high-time hydrometeorological data for the polar region of the Earth;
j) the new models introduction into industrial use of technology developed using innovative materials, including robotics, shipbuilding, unmanned transport systems and portable energy sources;
k) the beginning of the formation of the scientific research fleet of the Russian Federation, which is necessary for the conduct of integrated scientific research at the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean;
l) completion of the rehabilitation of areas of flooded and sunken facilities with spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste;
m) improving the effectiveness of the operation in the Arctic of a single State system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations.
32. The third phase of this Strategy (2031-2035) provides for:
a) the progressive development of the capacities of enterprises producing liquefied natural gas and gas-chemical products, oil production on the continental shelf and on the land territories of the Arctic; deep processing of other minerals and natural resources;
b) modernization of the urban environment and social infrastructure of the localities in which the organs and organizations responsible for ensuring national security and (or) serving as the basis for the development of mineral resource centres, the realization of economic and (or) Infrastructure projects in the Arctic are located;
c) ensuring access to quality social services for persons belonging to small minorities and the intensive development of their traditional economic activities;
d) establishment of the competitive on the world market Russian Federation’s national transport communication system on the basis of the Northern Sea Route, the construction of harbours for the trans-shipment of international container cargo and an additional ice breaker of the "Leader" project;
e) сompletion of the replacement of inefficient diesel electricity generation with liquefied natural gas, renewable energy and local fuel in isolated and inaccessible areas;
f) сompletion of the programme for the development of navigation in the basins of the Arctic;
g) completion of the composition of the research fleet of the Russian Federation required for integrated scientific research at the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean;
h) reduction and prevention of adverse effects of economic activities on the environment.
33. The targets for the implementation of this Strategy correspond to those for the effective implementation of the State policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, as provided for in the Principles of State Policy in the Arctic. The values of the targets for each phase of this Strategy are set out in the Annex.
VI. The main implementation mechanisms of the present Strategy
34. The Government of the Russian Federation develops and approves an integrated action plan to implement the Fundamentals of the state policy in the Arctic and the present Strategy, in which all stages of this Strategy must be reflected.
35. Implementation of the present Strategy is provided with the coordinated actions of federal government bodies, executive authorities of the Russian Federation subjects, local self-government bodies, state academies of science, other scientific and educational organizations, funds of support for scientific, technical and innovative activities, social organizations, state corporations, joint-stock companies with state participation and the business community.
36. To implement the present Strategy several amendments should be made in the State Programme of the Russian Federation “Socioeconomic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation”, other state programmes of the Russian Federation, state programmes of the Russian Federation subjects, as well as in the plan of the Northern Sea Route infrastructure development for the period up to 2035.
37. The solution of problems in the sphere of military security, defence and protection of the state border of the Russian Federation is ensured by implementing measures provided for by the state armament programme, within the framework of the state defence order and state programmes of the Russian Federation.
38. The President of the Russian Federation is in charge of overall control of the implementation of the present Strategy.
39. Objectives, functions, coordinating procedure of activities and interaction of state authorities, local self-government bodies and organizations in implementing the present Strategy are determined in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
40. Implementation of the present Strategy is carried out at the expense of the funds from the budgetary system of the Russian Federation, including funds provided for the implementation of the state programme of the Russian Federation “Socioeconomic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation”, and extra-budgetary funds.
